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Multiple-language version
Multiple-language version film, often abbreviated to 'MLV', is a term for films, especially from the early talkie era, produced in several different languages for international markets. To offset the marketing restrictions of making sound films in only one language, it became common practice for US and European studios to produce foreign-language versions of their films using the same sets, crew, costumes, etc.〔("The Multiple-Language Version Film: A Curious Moment in Cinema History" ) at (BrentonFilm.com ) retrieved 7 July, 2015〕 The first foreign-language versions appeared in 1929 and largely replaced the International Sound Version method for many major releases. The most common languages used for these productions were English, Spanish, French and German.
Musicals in particular proliferated during the early talkie era, partially because between-song, plot-driven narration could often be easily replaced with intertitles or, as in the case with MLVs, be reshot using local actors. Numerous internationally renowned artists worked on MLVs, some repeatedly. Many are still widely known to modern audiences including: Marlene Dietrich, Greta Garbo, Alfred Hitchcock, Buster Keaton, Fritz Lang and John Wayne. Hal Roach was a great proponent of MLVs and an early adopter of the practice. Within a two year period between 1929–1931 he oversaw the production of many of them for his top acts, including Laurel and Hardy, Charley Chase, Harry Langdon and Our Gang.
Although a vast number of MLVs were made, many of the export versions are thought lost and relatively few are available today. Some notable exceptions are: ''Anna Christie'' (1930); ''The Blue Angel'' (1930); ''Draculas Spanish-language incarnation, ''Drácula'' (1931); ''M'' (1931); ''The Threepenny Opera'' (1931) and various Laurel and Hardy films.
Within a few years the practice began to die out, largely due to the additional production complications and expenses incurred, along with improvements in dubbing and subtitling techniques. Many multiple-language version films were US-European co-productions and the Nazis' rise to power in the early 1930s effectively sealed their fate.
==List of foreign-language versions==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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